Tesla Battery Suppliers: Who Makes the Cells by Model and Plant

Last updated: October 15, 2026. Labels: Confirmed by company (Tesla or the supplier, in a filing, shareholder update or press release), Reported (reputable press or a research firm), Unconfirmed (single secondary source, or a model/plant mapping no source states directly).

Tesla buys battery cells from outside suppliers and also makes some of its own. Its 2025 annual report (Form 10-K, filed 2026-01-29) says: "Currently, we rely on suppliers such as Panasonic and Contemporary Amperex Technology Co. Limited (CATL) for these cells." It adds that Tesla intends "to supplement cells from our suppliers with cells manufactured by us" [1]. The model-by-model picture below is pieced together from Tesla's shareholder updates and press reports. Tesla doesn't publish a full cell-to-model list, so many mappings are labelled Unconfirmed. For Tesla's wider supplier network, see the Tesla supplier map.

Quick answer

By plant and market

Fremont (California) and Austin (Texas), North America

• Tesla's 10-K names Panasonic as a cell supplier (Confirmed by company) [1]. It doesn't say which plant supplies which US-built models (Unconfirmed).
• Panasonic says its De Soto, Kansas factory began mass production of automotive lithium-ion cells on 2025-07-14, targeting 32 GWh a year (Confirmed by supplier) [2]. The press release doesn't tie the plant to specific Tesla models (mapping Unconfirmed).
• Tesla's own 4680 cells are made in Texas, with more than 40 GWh of installed capacity as of the Q2 2026 update. Tesla notes that installed capacity isn't the same as the current production rate [10]. In January 2026 Tesla said it had "begun to produce battery packs for certain Model Ys with our 4680 cells". It framed the move as a hedge against "trade barriers and tariff risks" [9]. In July 2026 it said it is increasing 4680 output for Cybercab, Tesla Semi and Model Y [10] (Confirmed by company). Electrek reported that Tesla had stopped building the original 4680-equipped Model Y more than two years earlier to prioritize Cybertruck production (Reported) [11].
• US market, LFP: Reuters reported on 2024-10-02 that Tesla stopped offering its cheapest Model 3 variant in the US (Reported) [12]. Whether that variant used China-made LFP cells is reported elsewhere but isn't confirmed by Tesla (Unconfirmed).

Shanghai, China and export markets

• China Daily describes CATL as a long-running Tesla supplier whose LFP cells go into Shanghai-built cars; it doesn't break out shares by model (Reported) [3].
• Seoul Economic Daily, citing Chinese media and industry sources, reported on 2026-05-23 that Sunwoda began supplying third-generation LFP cells from Yiwu to Giga Shanghai for export vehicles. It also reported that Tesla buys cells only and assembles modules and packs in-house (Reported) [8]. China Daily, citing 36Kr, reported the same on 2026-05-12 [3].
• LG Energy Solution (formerly LG Chem) has been reported since 2019–2020 as supplying cylindrical cells to Shanghai from its Nanjing plant (Reported) [4][5].

Berlin (Grünheide), Europe

• On 2022-08-11, electrive reported, citing industry insiders, that BYD had started supplying Blade LFP cells to Giga Berlin for Model Y (Reported) [7]. We haven't found a 2026 confirmation from a reputable outlet (current status Unconfirmed).
• On 2024-11-07, autoevolution reported that a CATL-supplied LFP/LMFP pack ("6M") got EU type approval for entry Model 3/Model Y (Reported) [13].
• Tesla lists Berlin 4680 cell production as "Construction" in its Q2 2026 update (Confirmed by company) [10]. Reuters reported on 2026-05-12 that Tesla is adding almost $250 million to its Berlin cell investment (Reported, citing Tesla) [14].

Energy storage (not vehicles)

• Tesla's Nevada LFP line (7 GWh, early ramp) supports energy storage (Confirmed by company) [10].
• On 2026-03-16 the US Department of the Interior said Tesla and LG Energy Solution had signed a $4.3 billion supply agreement for LFP prismatic cells made in Lansing, Michigan, to power Megapack 3 systems produced in Houston, with production expected to launch in 2027 (Confirmed, US government statement) [6].

LFP vs NCA/NCM: which chemistry is where?

• LFP: CATL, BYD and Sunwoda cells (reported), plus Tesla's Nevada LFP cells for storage (company) [3][7][8][10].
• LG Energy Solution: 2170 cylindrical cells for Shanghai (reported; chemistry not stated in our sources) [5]; LFP prismatic cells for Megapack 3 from 2027 [6].
• Panasonic chemistry: not stated in the sources on this page (Unconfirmed, to be sourced).
• 4680: Tesla in-house, dry-electrode anode and cathode made in Austin (company) [9].

Model S and Model X

Tesla has decommissioned the Model S and Model X production lines at its Fremont Factory. Its Q2 2026 update says: "Construction at our Fremont Factory for Optimus began after we decommissioned the Model S & X lines" (Confirmed by company) [10]. Our sources don't state which cell supplier Model S and Model X used (Unconfirmed). See our Model S and Model X supplier maps.

What we don't know yet

Exact cell supplier by trim and model year; Panasonic chemistry per plant; whether BYD still supplies Berlin in 2026; Model S/X cells; supplier shares.

FAQ

Who makes Tesla batteries? Tesla's 2025 10-K names Panasonic and CATL as cell suppliers and says Tesla also makes its own cells. Press reports add LG Energy Solution, BYD and, since 2026, Sunwoda. (Confirmed by company for Panasonic and CATL; Reported for the others.) [1][3][8]

Does Tesla make its own batteries? Yes. Tesla makes 4680 cells in Texas (over 40 GWh installed capacity as of July 2026) and is ramping LFP cells in Nevada (7 GWh) for energy storage. (Confirmed by company) [10]

Which Teslas use LFP batteries? Shanghai-built LFP cars are reported to use CATL cells, and some export vehicles from Shanghai Sunwoda cells. Exact trims vary by market and year. (Reported) [3][8]

Which Teslas use 4680 cells? Cybertruck (reported), "certain Model Ys" since January 2026, and the Cybercab and Semi ramps. (Confirmed by company for Model Y, Cybercab and Semi) [9][10][11]

Sources

1. Tesla, Form 10-K for FY2025, filed 2026-01-29. sec.gov
2. Panasonic Energy press release, 2025-07-14. na.panasonic.com
3. China Daily (citing 36Kr), 2026-05-12. chinadaily.com.cn
4. Bloomberg, "Tesla Said to Agree to Buy Batteries From LG for China Factory", 2019-08-23. bloomberg.com
5. Reuters, "Exclusive: LG Chem to double China battery capacity to meet Tesla demand", 2020-12-01. reuters.com (syndicated by CNBC)
6. Reuters, "US government confirms Tesla and LG Energy Solution's $4.3 billion battery deal", 2026-03-17 (quoting the US Department of the Interior). reuters.com; CNBC, 2026-03-17 (with LGES spokesman comment). cnbc.com
7. electrive, "Tesla starts utilising BYD batteries at Giga Berlin", 2022-08-11. electrive.com
8. Seoul Economic Daily, 2026-05-23. sedaily.com
9. Tesla Q4 2025 Update, 2026-01-28. ir.tesla.com
10. Tesla Q2 2026 Update (8-K Ex. 99.1), filed 2026-07-22. sec.gov
11. Electrek, "Tesla puts 4680 battery cells back in Model Y", 2026-01-28. electrek.co
12. Reuters, "Tesla discontinues most affordable Model 3 variant in US, website shows", 2024-10-02. reuters.com
13. autoevolution, 2024-11-07. autoevolution.com
14. Reuters, "Tesla ups investment in boost to Berlin battery cell production", 2026-05-12. reuters.com